Annealing furnace



March 28, 1950 QQLE 2,502,204

ANNEALING FURNACE Filed Sept. 2a, 1946 a Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

Fig.1 BY Ralph/Cale AT TORNEYS March '28, 1950 R. N. COLE ANNEALJNGFURNACE 3 S heets-Sheet 2 Filed Sdpt. 23, 1946;

mmvroa flTTUR/VLYS lwnwmwmm lmmwmmmmw Ill. ulllllll'llllll ll PatentedMar. 28, 1950 ANN EALING FURNACE Ralph N. Cole, Canton, Ohio, assignorto The Canton Malleable Iron Company, Canton, Ohio, a corporation ofOhio Application September 23, 1946, Serial No. 698,817

1 13 Claims. The inventionrelates generally to annealing furnaceconstruction, and more particularly to furnaces for anneal ng malleableiron castings.

The anneal ng of malleable iron castings must be carried out accordingto a definite cycle of many hours duration including several stages ofvarious time periods and temperatures and rates of heating and cooling,in order to impart the desired characteristics to the finished cast'ngs.Conventional practice conssts in pack ng the castings in boxes or potsin a box-type annealing furnace, bringing the furnace up to and holdingit for many hours at a high temperature above the critical range, coolng rapidly to the critical range, cooling slowly through the criticalrange and then rap dly to room temperature. This annealing cycle inconventional practice may take as much as eight days.

If it is attempted to shorten the annealing cycle by using higherheating temperatures in the furnace, the cost of refractory walls andlin ngs becomes prohibitive, and the castings becomebadly warped and mayhave poor mechanical qualites.

In order to approach uniform tempera ures throughout all of the castingsduring the various stages of the annealing, it has heretofore beennecessary to carefully segregate and pack the castings according to sizein the annealing boxes, but in spite of such precautions, thetemperature has not been sufliciently uniform in all parts of thefurnace or throughout all the castings in the furnace. It has beenespecially difficult, in making the temperature change from one .stageof annealing to another. to obtain the required temperature uniformlythroughout all the pots in the furnace.

In the stages of the annealing cycle where quick cooling is required ithas been particularly difficult to obtain uniform quick coolingthrorghout the castings in a l the pots. It is very important to changetemperature uniformly in all castings during the quick cooling periodsbecause the castings are at those times approach ng or passing throughthe critical range, where the austenit c character of the castingsshould be changed to ferrite and temper carbon without separating outiron carbide. If the quick cooling is not rapid and uniform, too muchhard iron carbide may separate out and produce undesirablecharacterlstics in the finshed castings.

Certain prior attempts to shorten the time. of the annealing cycle formaleable iron castings and to improve the uniformity of temperatureduring the various annealing stages, have resulted in the constructionof continuous or tunnel-type furnaces or controlled atmosphere furnaces,all of which are very expensive and sometimes wholly im ractical.

-It is a primary object of the present invention to provide a novelannealing furnace of simple and inexpensive construction which willreduce the time and provide increased uniformity of temperatureconditions during the annealing cycle for mal eable iron castings.

Another object is to provide an improved annealing furnace having novelcirculating means for bringing the furnace up to uniform temperaturerapidly and maintaining said temperature.

Another object is to provide an improved annealng furnace having novelmeans cooperating with the circulating means for rapidly cooling thefurnace uniformly to a desired temperature.

More specificaly it is an object of the present invention to provide animproved annealing furnace havin removable cooling means adapted to beselectively introduced into the path of circulat ng gases within thefurnace.

Another object is to provide a novel water cooled mounting forJournaling a circulating fan within a furnace.

A further object is to provide a novel water cooed mounting for acirculating fan within the furnace and adapted ,to be driven by a motormounted outside of the furnace.

These and other objects are accomplished by the parts, constructions,arrangements, combinations and methods wh ch comprise the presentinvention, the nature of which is set forth in the following generalstatement, a preferred embodiment of wh ch is set forth in the followingdescrioticn and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, and which isparticularly and distinctly pointed out and set forth in the appendedclaims forming part hereof.

In general terms, the invention consists in provding an annealingfurnace with a recirculating chamber at one end thereof and utilizing afan for forcing the hot furnace gases through the furnace and back intothe recirculating chamber, the fan shaft having a water jacketed journalmounting extending through the furnace walls and adapted for operativeconnection at its outer end with exterior driving means, and there beingcooling coils adapted to be removably inserted through the side of thefurnace into the recirculating chamber in the path of the circulatinggases, so as to cool the furnace temperature rapidly and uniformly whendesired.

Referring to the drawings forming part hereof,

in which a; preferred embodiment of the inven- Fig. 2 is a transversesectional view thereof on a reduced scale, taken through, therecirculating chamber, part of the inner wall of the recirculatingchamber being shown in elevation;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary side elevation as on line 8-8, Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of one of the watercooled fan mo ntings which extend through the recirculating chamber:

.Flg. 5 is a transverse sectional view thereof, ason line 5-5, Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a transverse sectional view thereof. as on line 8-6, Fig. 4;and

Fig. '7 is an elevation of the fan end thereof.

Similar numerals refer to similar parts throughout the drawings.

The novel and improved annealing furnace of the present invention is abox-tyne furnace having the usual refractory walls sup orted within asteel frame work. The side walls [Band II are sup orted in ausual mannerbv vertical I-beam columns l2 and end walls are similarly sup orted bvertical I-b am co umns [3. The rear end wall H has a partition wall l5s aced forwardlv thereof to form a narrow transverse recirculatinchamber It at the rear end of the furnace, and

the chamber lfi is'nreferably cov red ov r with a too wall ll ofrefractory material to cose the chamber. As best shown in Fig. 1. theend wall I and artition wall l5 are supported betwe n the verticalI-beam columns I 2 at the side walls of the furnace and the columns l2are tied together with transv rse I-beams l8.

The heatin chamber of the furnace is formed b the side walls In and II,partition wall the front wall of the furnace. and the roof wall I 9,which is made of refractory material such as refractory brick suitablysuspen ed from the steel frame work indicated generally at 20. The frontend of the furnace is rovided with a charging door in accordance withusual ractice, and the front end of the furnace is not shown because itforms no part o the present inve tion.

The rear end wall i l and the partition wall W are rovided with lonitudin lly aligned burner port walls 2i preferab located mid ay bet eenthe side walls M and 82 and extending throu h the chamber iii. and oneor more suitable fuel burners for heati g the interior of the furnaceare mounted within the burner port walls 29. Two such burners'areindicated dia rammatically at 22, and the burn rs may be oil. gas. or podered coal, or a combination thereof; The particular means for heatingthe furnace forms no part of the resent invention, and accordin ly,

' any form of heating means including electric heating elements may beused without departing I {from the scope of the invention.

The means for circulating the heated gases within the furnace, to insureuniformity of temperature throughout the furnace. referablv includes apair of circulating fans 23 located one on each side of the burners 22in fan o enin s 24 extending through the partition wall l5 and providingcommunication between the recirculating chamber is and the furnaceproper.

The fans 23 are secured on the inner ends of fan shafts 25, and the fanshafts each have a water-jacketed journal mounting indicated generallyat 28 extending through the recirculating exit end of the pipe coils.

4 chamber It and an opening 21 in the furnace wall ll. The outer end ofeach shaft 28 isconnected by a coupling 28 to the shaft of a drivingmotor 20 which is supported on a bracket 30 attached to a plate 3|secured on the furnace wall It and closing the opening 2'! therein.

Thus, during the operation of the furnace, the hot gases supplied bythe. burners 22 are circulated by the fans 21 through the furnace andback into the recirculating chamber l8 through base openings 32, thenupwardly, as indicated by the arrows in Fig. 1 and then through openings24 in the partition wall I! and back into the furnace chamber It. Thiscirculation of the hot gases provides for raising the furnacetemperature rapidly and uniformly to the desired degree, so that theannealing pots P packed with malleable iron castings and located in thefurnace chamber are uniformly heated and maintained at the requiredtemperature. Accordingly, the time required to uniformly heat thecastings to a high holding temperature is reduced, and the holding timeat the required high temperature is also substantially reduced.

In order to accomplish quick and uniform cooling of the furnace to coolthe castings uniformly and rapidly down to just above the critical rangewhen the quick cooling stage of the annealing cycle is reached, withoutadmitting any material amount of air causing excessive oxidation of potsor castings, novel heat exchange means is provided for being selectivelyintroduced into the recirculating chamber IS in the path of the hotgases moving therethrough. The heat exchange means preferably comprisesa series of cooling pipe coils 34 arranged in two vertical rows so as topass between the walls It and ii of the chamber l6, and said pipe coilshave alength substantially equal to the transverse width of the chamberIt so as to extend substantially the full width of the chamber wheninserted therein.

Preferaby, the pipe coils 34 are secured together at intervals byvertical bars 35 connected by spacer bolts 36 in a usual fashion, and adoor opening 31 through one side wall H of the furnace permits insertionof the pipe coils into the chamber, as indicated in Fig. 2. When thepipe coils 35 are removed the door opening 31 is closed by a refractorydoor 38 suspended by a cable 39 in a usual manner.

The pipe coils are preferably connected at one end to a manifold Mlwhich provides communication between the coils, and a conduit 4| may beconnected to the lower end of the manifold for introducing coolingwater, while a conduit 32 may be connected to the upper end of themanifold for conducting the cooling water from the As shown, themanifolcl' at is preferably conveniently mounted on one end of acarriage 43 rollably supported on wheels 45, and a counter-weight 45 issupported on the end of the carriage opposite the manifold 50forcounterbalancing the weight of the extending pipe coils 34. Asindicated in Fig. 2, when the pipe coils are fully entered into thechamber IS, the manifold 4!) acts as a door for closing the opening 31.

Accordingly, when the quick cooling stage of the annealin cycle isreached, the burners 22 or other heating means are shut oil, the door 38is opened and the cooling coils 34 projected through the.-

door opening 31 to extend across substantially the full width of therecirculating chamber I6, while the circulating fans 23 continue tooperate. As the furnace gases pass through the base openings I andupwardly over the cooling coils, they are rapidly cooled so that, whenforced into the furnace chamber through the fan openings 24, they act toquickly and uniformly drop the temperature in the furnace chamberwithout admitting any material amount of outside air which would causeundue oxidation of the pots and castings. By keeping close watch onsuitable pyrometers connected to the furnace chamber and to the insidesof annealing pots P, the temperature drop can be regulated accuratelyand as soon as the desired temperature is reached, the cooling coils I4are wheeled out of the furnace, the door It closed and the burnersstarted up again to maintain the furnace at the desired reduced degreeof temperature.

After the furnace has been mainta ned and slowly cooled a. certainamount from the desired reduced degree, so as to slowly cool thecastings through the critical range and produce the desiredferrltic-temper carbon structure, the cooling coils may if desired bereinserted into the furnace with the burners shutnoif so as to start thefinal cooling stage rapidly and uniformly before the furnace doors areopened.

The preferred operat on of the present improved furnace to annealmalleable iron castings includes first raising t e furnace temperatureand the temperature of the castings packed in the anneal ng pots P up toap roximately 1600" F. in about twenty hours; holding at thattemperature for a proximately thirty hours in order to dissolve all ofthe iron carbide; cooling the furnace rapidly and un formly to dro thetemperature of .the castings to about 1350 F. in about nine hours. byshutting off the burn rs and introducing the pipe coils into therecirculating chamber, so as to change the character of the castingsfrom austenitic to ferrit c without separating out iron carb de; thenslowly and uniformly reducing the tem erature of the castings from 1350"F. to about 1290 F. in about twentythr e hours so that they pass safelythrough the critical range without formin pearlite to any substantialextent.

From this point on the cast n s are cooled as fast as possible to aboutroom tem erature and in order to cool all of the pots un ormly as wellas rapidly, it is preferable to aga n shut oil. the

burners and introduce the cooling coils while the fans are circulat ng.This may be done for a period of about five hours. after which t e funace door is o ened and the pots are allowed to cool in the open furnaceto about room temperature. which may take an additional six to eighthours.

The total tme for the aforesaid annealing cycle as carried out in thepresent improved furnace is about four days; whereas the annea ing cvclefor the same type of malleable iron cast ngs in a conv ntional box-typefurnace requires seven to eight days. Moreover, in the conventionalboxtype furnace excessive time and labor are required in segregating andpack ng the cast ngs in the pots according to size in attempting toprevent cold spots and consequent poor quality of a substantialpercentage of the castings. with the present'improved furnace having thenovel removable cooling co ls, it has been demonstrated in actualpractice that substantial uniformity of a high quality with respect tophysical and metallurgical characteristics, and very little if anywarping takes place.

Referring to Figs. 5. 6 and 7, the improved journal mounting 20 for eachof the fan shafts preferably includes a hollow cast jacket Forheatresisting alloy forming a water-circulating chamber 4| around thehollow fan shaft 25, and having longitudinal reinforcing ribs 42extending radially inward from its outer wall. Adjacent the outer end ofthe shaft, the Jacket casting 4| is provided with a transverse flange 43supported by angular ribs 43a. The flange 43 at its outer edge overlapsthe plate 3| secured in the furnace wall, and the fiangeis secured tothe plate by means of bolts or cap screws 44.

The outer end portion 40a of the Jacket housing is provided with anenlargement 48 which mounts an anti-friction or thrust ball bearing 46in wh ch the outer end portion of the shaft 2| is journaled. The ballbearing 46 may be held in place by a suitable retainer rin 41 secured inthe end of the enlargement by cap screws 48 or the like. The, projectingouter end of the shaft 25 is coupled in usual fashion to the shaft ofdrive motor 2!, as by a coupling 28 (Fig. 1).

Adjacent to the enlargement 45, a pair of spaced water-sealing packngrings 49 is interposed'betwern the jacket 40a and the shaft 25, beingspaced apart by a perforate spacer ring 50, and openings II are providedthrough the wall of shaft 25 under the spacer ring and between thepackin rings. A tapped hole 52 is preferably provided through the jacketwall in register with the spacer ring 50 for connecting a water supplypipe 52a to introduce cooling water between the packing rings 49 andinto the interior of the hollow shaft 25. Preferably, a slinger thrustring I! is secured to the shaft 25 on the outer side of the packings andabutt ng the inner race of bearing 46 to act as a thrust collar. Theslinger ring 53 serves to throw outwardly any moisture which may getpast the outer packing 49, and a drain opening 54 is provided oppositethe slinger 53 to carry away any such moisture. Preferably, the jacket40 has annular collar of insulating cement 21a built up thereon withinthe opening 21 to prot"ct the plate 3|.

The inner end of the Jacket 40 is provided with a packing nut 56 screwedtherein for abutting a packing ring 51 fitting around the shaft 25. Theopposite side of the packing is preferably abutted by a gland member 58which is yieldingly urged aga nst the packing by means of suitablehelical springs 59 in socket members 59a located at intervals around theshaft. Adiacent to the socket members 5911, the jacket 40 is journaledon the shaft 25 by means of a water-lubricated rubber bearing sleeve 60of well-known construction, and a bronze ring 6i surrounds the bearingand is secured in a cylindrical wall 62 of the jacket, said wall beingspaced inwardly of the outer jacket wall to provide an annular chambercommunieating w th the chamber 4| surrounding the intermediate portionof the shaft. The inner end of the shaft 25 is closed by sleeve insert64 closedat its outer end and spaced inwardly of the sleeve 25 toprovide an annular pasageway therebetween. Adjacent its outer end thesleevelnsert B4 is provided with suitable ports 65 communicating withthe interior of the sleeve 25, and adjacent the inner end of the sleeveinsert 64, the sleeve 25 is provided with ports 68 through its wallwhich communicate with an annular chamber 61 surrounding the packinggland SI,

7 the'chamber 61 being in communication with chamber 83 throughcircumferentially spaced openings 68.

Thus, the circulating water entering the shaft 25 at its outer endthrough ports i flows inwardly through the shaft and into sleeve insert64, then out of ports 65 and through ports 66 into chamber 61, thenthrough openings 88 into chambers 63 and 4| from which it flows into acommunicating outlet chamber and thence into a return or outlet pipe 10aconnected into the tapped opening 1|.

Because of this improved water-jacketed journal mounting for the fanshaft, the fans 23can be kept operating at the required high annealingtemperatures of 1600 F. for long periods without burning off or damagingthe fan shafts, which makes it practicable to continuously circulate thehot gases through the furnace and obtain uniform temperature conditions,and also to obtain uniform quick cooling by introducing the coolingcoils into the path of said gases.

In mounting the circulating fans 23 on the inner projecting ends of thefan shafts 25, it was found that the usual means of securing the fan hubto the shaft, including keys, set screws and the like, were not at allsatisfactory because under the high temperature conditions to which thefans are subjected for long periods, the fan hubs expand and loosen onthe shaft. After repeated experiments the mounting construction shown inFigs. 4 and 7 was finally determined to be practical and satisfactoryunder the particular temperature conditions. As shown, a collar 12 issecured on the end of shaft 25 by means of a transverse pin 13, and thefan hub 14 is secured on the collar 12 by means of dowel set screws 15extending parallel to the shaft and threaded substantialy half in thecollar 12 and half in the fan hub 14.

Referring to Fig. 7, it will be seen that even though the fan hub I4expands, tending to loosen it on the collar 12, the rotation of the fanwill exert a wedging action on the dowels 15 so as to continue to holdthe fan hub tight on the collar 12.

Accordingly, the improved water cooled jacket for the fan shaft and theimproved means securing the fan on the inner end of the shaft within thefurnace make it practicable to circulate the hot furnace gasescontinuously through the recirculating chamber, into which the coolingcoils are introduced for effecting a rapid uniform drop in furnacetemperature.

In the foregoing description, certain terms have been used for brevity,clearness and understanding, but not unnecessary limitations are to beimplied therefrom beyond the requirements of the prior art, because suchwords are used for descriptive purposes herein and are intended to bebroadly construed.

Morever, the embodiment of the improved construction illustrated anddescribed herein is by way of example, and the scope of the presentinvention is not limited to the exact details of construction.

Having now described the invention, the construction, the operation anduse of a preferred embodiment thereof, and the advantageous new anduseful results obtained thereby; the new and useful methods andconstructions, and reasonable mechanical equivalents thereof obvious tothose skilled in the art, are set forth in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and a recirculatingchamber communicating with the heating chamber with means forcirculating gases from the heating chamber to the recirculating chamberand back to the heating chamber, means supplying heat to said heatingchamber, heat exchange means, and means for moving said heat exchangemeans selectively into said recirculating chamber in the path of saidgases.

2. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and means forcirculating hot gases through said chamber in a definite path, meanssupplying heat to said heating chamber, and heat exchange means movablysupported on the floor outside of the furnace and adapted for selectivepositioning into the furnace in the path of said gases.

3. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and a recirculatingchamber with means for circulating gases from the heating chamber to therecirculating chamber and back to the heating chamber, means supplyingheat to said heating chamber, heat exchange means, and a carriagemovably mounting said heat exchange means for selective insertion intosaid recirculating chamber in the path of sa d gases.

4. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and a recirculat ngchamber with means for circulating gases from the heating chamber to therecirculating chamber and back to the heating chamber, means supplyingheat to the heating chamber, a cooling coil, a carriage movablysupported on the floor outside of the furnace and supporting one end ofsaid cooling coil for selectively inserting said coil into saidrecirculating chamber in the path of said gases, and a door on saidcarriage for closing said recirculating chamber when the cooling coil isinserted therein.

5. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and a relativelynarrow recirculating chamber, with means for circula ing gases from theheating chamber to the recirculating cham ber and back to the heatingchamber, a doorway at one end of said recirculating chambercommunicating with the outside atmosphere, means supplying heat to saidheating chamber, and heat exchange means movably mounted for selectiveinsertion through said doorway into said recirculating chamber.

6. In an annealing furnace having a heating chamber and a partition walladjacent to one wall of the heating chamber forming a recirculatingchamber therebetween, a fan located in said partition wall and adaptedfor circulating gases from the heating chamber through the recirculatingchamber, said partition wall having a return opening providingcommunication between the recirculating chamber and said heatingchamber, means supplying heat to the heating chamber, a heat exchanger,and means for moving said heat exchanger selectively into and out of therecirculating chamber into and out of the path of said gases.

7. In an annealing fumaoe having a heating chamber and a partition walladjacent to one wall of the heating chamber forming a recirculatingchamber therebetween, a fan located in said partition wall and adaptedfor circulating gases from the heating chamber through the recirculatingchamber, a fan shaft mounting the fan and extending through saidrecirculating chamber, a water-jacket journal around said shaft withinsaid recirculating chamber, said partition 9 wall having a returnopening providing communication between the recirculating chamber andsaid heating chamber, means supplying heat to said heating chamber, acooling coil, and means for moving said cooling coil selectively intothe recirculating chamber in the path of said gases.

8. In annealing furnace construction having, a fan for circulating gasestherethrough, a hollow fan shaft mounting the fan and extending throughone of the furnace wallsto the exterior of the furnace, said fan shafthaving an inlet port at its outer end and an outlet port at its innerend, a hollow jacket enclosing said shaft and communicating with saidshaft outlet port, bearings in said jacket journalingsaid shaft, andmeans exterior of the furnace for circulating cooling fluid into thehollow shaft and out of the jacket.

9. In annealing furnace construction having a fan for circulating gasestherethrough, a hollow fan shaft mounting the fan and extending throughone of the furnace walls to the exterior of the furnace, said fan shafthaving an inlet port at its outer end and an outlet port at its innerend, a hollow jacket enclosing said shaft and communicating with saidshaft outlet port, sealing means interposed between the shaft and jacketbeyond said outlet port for preventing leakage of cooling fluid into thefurnace, bearings in said jacket journaling said shaft, and meansexterior of the furnace for circulating cooling fluid into the hollowshaft and out of the Jacket. I

10. In annealing furnace construction having a fan for circulating gasestherethrough, a hollow fan shaft mounting the fan and extending throughone of the furnace walls to the exterior of the furnace, said fan shafthaving an inlet port at its outer end and an outlet port at its innerend, a hollow jacket enclosing said shaft and communicating with saidshaft outlet port, said jacket having an inlet port extending radlallytherethrough and communicating with the shaft inlet port, bearings insaid jacket journaling said shaft, and means exterior of the furnace forcirculating cooling fluid into said jacket inlet port and out of saidjacket,

11. In annealing furnace construction having a fan for circulating gasestherethrough, a hollow fan shaft mounting the fan and extending throughone of the furnace walls to the exterior of the furnace, said fan shafthaving an inlet port at its outer end and an outlet port at its innerend, a hollow jacket enclosing said shaft and communicating with saidshaft outlet port,

said jacket having an inlet port extending radially therethrough andcommunicating with the shaft inlet port, bearings in said jacketjournaling said shaft, water seals interposed between the shaft andjacket enclosing said inlet ports, sealing means between the shaft andjacket beyond of said shaft outlet port, and means exterior of thefurnace for circulating cooling fluid into said jacket inlet port andout of said jacket.

12. In annealing furnace construction having walls forming a chamber, afan shaft extending into said chamber, a collar secured on the inner endof said shaft, a circulating fan having a hub encircling said collar,and dowel screws parallel with said shaft threaded partly into theexterior of said collarand partly into the interior of said hub forsecuring the fan on the shaft.

13. In an annealing furnace including walls forming a heating chamberand a recirculating chamber communicating therewith, a hollow fan shaftextending from the exterior of the furnace into said recirculatingchamber and having an inlet port adjacent its outer end and an outletport adjacent its inner end, a collar secured to the inner end of saidshaft, a fan on said collar, dowel screws parallel with said fan shaftthreaded partly into said collar and partly into the hub of the fan forsecuring the fan on the shaft, a hollow jacket journaling said shaft andcommunicating with said outlet port, and means exterior of the furnacefor circulating cooling fluid into the hollow shaft and out of thejacket.

RALPH N. COLE.

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